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White peony Root Extract powder-US Stock available

  • Latin Name:   Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
  • Synonyms:   Bai Shao, Chi Shao, Chinese Peony, Common Peony, Coral Peony, Cortex Moutan, European Peony, Jiu Chao Bai Shao, Moutan, Mu Dan Pi, Paeonia, Paeonia alba, Paeonia albiflora, Paeonia anomala, Paeonia arborea, Paeonia arietina, Paeonia beresowskii, Paeo
  • Part of Used:   Root
  • Specifications:   Paeoniflorin 10%-50% HPLC/5:1TLC
  • Appearance:   Brown-yellow fine powder
  • Application:   Medicine, food additive, dietary supplement, sports nutrition
Tel:1-909-345-7054(USA)
Email: info@nutragreen.co.uk

Product name

White peony Root Extract powder

Latin Name

Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

Active ingredients

Paeoniflorin

synonyms

Bai Shao, Chi Shao, Chinese Peony, Common Peony, Coral Peony, Cortex Moutan, European Peony, Jiu Chao Bai Shao, Moutan, Mu Dan Pi, Paeonia, Paeonia alba, Paeonia albiflora, Paeonia anomala, Paeonia arborea, Paeonia arietina, Paeonia beresowskii, Paeo

Appearance

Brown-yellow fine powder

Part used

Root

Specification

Paeoniflorin 10%-50% HPLC/5:1TLC

Main benefits

fight ischemic, coronary heart disease, anti-inflammatory

Applied industries

Medicine, food additive, dietary supplement


White peony Root Extract powder ?

Peonies have been cultivated in China since about 900 B.C. The white peony is one of the oldest remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. They are a very beautiful and fragrant ornamental flower, but the root is the part valued in Chinese medicine to treat conditions such as abnormal menses, night sweats, abdominal pain, sores and injuries.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Chin-shao-yao refers to white flowered peony, Paeonia albiflora, Mu-sao-yao, which may be Paeonia officinalis in some cases. The plant is found growing wild, and is cultivated for its root which is much prized by Chinese doctors. It is used as a tonic, alterative, astringent and general remedy in the diseases of women. It is specially recommended in pregnancy. Peony is said to be anodyne, diuretic and carminative. It has special action upon the spleen, liver, stomach and intestines and is prescribed in nosebleed, wounds and other hemorrhages. Tree peony or Mou-Tan, Paeonia moutan is known as the king of flowers. The bark of the root is the part used medicinally for fevers, colds, nervous disorders, hemorrhages, headaches and menstrual difficulties.

CONSTITUENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS

the White peony materials used in Chinese herbal medicine contain paeoniflorin, a monoterpene glycoside that contributes the bitter taste. In a test of 19 species and 6 varieties of Peonia, paeoniflorin was the major and characteristic component of all of them, while Paeonia lactiflora was one of three (along with P. tenuifolia and P. veitchii) that had the largest amount, with up to 5.8% paeoniflorin , though average amounts are about half that, about 3%. The root epidermis appears to contain a similar amount of paeoniflorin as found in the central root, with one study indicating about 2.3%; it has been suggested that removing the root epidermis to make white peony may simply be wasteful . There do not seem to be any studies indicating a notable difference in chemical constituents between red and white peony, though this does not rule out the possibility of a significant difference. Laboratory research shows that paeoniflorin has sedative, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The peony roots also contain slightly modified versions of this basic compound, such as oxypaeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin.

A simple ketone-paeonol-is an additional main component of moutan (about 1.5% of the root bark); there are also lesser amounts of glycoside compounds derived from it, such as paenoside (paeonol glucoside) and paeonolide (paeonol glucose-arabinose); these are found only in Paeonia suffruticosa and other woody species of Paeonia. These compounds have been shown to be antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, sedative, and anti-spasmodic . In addition, it is reported to reduce lipid peroxidation . Paeonol is also a key component of cyanchum (xuchangqing), used as an analgesic for arthritis and anti-inflammatory for skin rashes, listed with herbs that dispel wind-damp . Paeonol is the aromatic component that gives moutan its characteristic fragrance and acrid taste. It is easily lost during drying and storage; [paeonol content is used as a quality measure for patent preparations for Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Six Formula) and Jiawei Xiaoyao Wan (Bupleurum and Peony Formula) since it is the main volatile component of those widely used formulas. The pharmacological actions of paeoniflorin and paeonol appear to be similar.

Chemical constituents of White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)

[Chemical constituents from water-soluble extract of dry roots of Paeonia lactiflora].

[Article in Chinese]

Li R1, Li YC1, Wu YZ1, Wang LY1, Qiu BL1, Zhang JF1, Lin S1.

Abstract

Nineteen compounds were isolated from the water-soluble extract of the dry roots of Paeonia lactiflora by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by MS NMR and other spectroscopic analysis as paeoniflorin(1) 4-O-ethylpaeoniflorin(2) 2'-O-benzoylpaeoniflorin(3) benzoylpaeoniflorin(4) 4"-hydroxy-benzoyloxypaeoniflorin(5) moudanpioside C(6) 6'-O-benzoyl-4"-hydroxy-3"-methoxy-paeoniflorin(7) paeoniflorin B(8) 6-O-benzoylalbiflorin(9) secoisolariciresinol (10) (+)-lyoniresinol(11) dihyrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(12) (7S8S)-threo-799'-trihydroxy-33'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan(13) (+)-neo-olivil (14) [(3S)-5-methyl-23-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methanol(15) 5-hydroxy-3S-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-23-dihydrobenzofuran(16) (+)-(R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propan-1-one(17) (+)-(2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol(18) (+)-(4S)-(2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid(19). Compounds 15 and 18 are new natural products while compounds 10 11 13 14 17 and 19 are isolated from the genus Paeonia for the first time.

Health Benefits of White peony Root Extract powder

1.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora) and ANIT-induced cholestasis

>Paeonia lactiflora Pall. regulates the NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to alleviate cholestasis in rats.

Ma X1, Wen JX1,2, Gao SJ1,2, He X3, Li PY4, Yang YX1,2, Wei SZ2, Zhao YL2, Xiao XH4.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Cholestasis is a critical risk factor for severe hepatic disease or cirrhosis. The anti-inflammatory effect of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PLP), named Chishao in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis model was tried to be elucidated in this research.

METHODS:

Therapeutic effect indices on hepatic function, including ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, ALP, TBA and γ-GT, were measured. To further investigate the protective mechanism of PLP, the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were detected.

RESULTS:

Our results showed that compared with the model group, PLP could significantly reduce the increased serum indices such as ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, ALP, TBA and γ-GT induced by ANIT in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, we found that PLP downregulated the mRNA expression levels including IKK, p65, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β, especially at the large dose. Furthermore, PLP also significantly inhibited NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by decreasing the protein levels of p65, p-p65, p-IKK, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results indicated that PLP could ameliorate ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats and the anti-inflammatory effect of PLP might be related to regulating NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. This study will provide scientific evidence for PLP as a potential drug candidate for cholestasis.

2.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora) and anti-dysmenorrhea

>Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling to study the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule on primary dysmenorrhea rats.

Cheng Y1, Chu Y1, Su X2, Zhang K1, Zhang Y2, Wang Z3, Xiao W3, Zhao L4, Chen X5.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is one of the most common gynaecological disorders among women, which seriously affects women's life quality due to its high incidence rate. Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFLC), a well-known traditional Chinese medical prescription, has been widely used to treat gynecological blood stasis syndromes such as PDM. However, its mechanisms of action and combination were still unknown.

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model to assess time-concentration-effect relationships for anti-dysmenorrhea effect of GZFLC and provide better understanding for mechanisms of action and combination of GZFLC.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:

The PDM rats model was induced by oxytocin exposure following estradiol benzoate pretreatment. Gallic acid (GA), amygdalin (AMY), albiflorin (ALB), prunasin (PA) and cinnamic acid (CA) were evaluated as bioactive ingredients for investigating PK processes. GA, AMY, ALB and PA exhibited appropriate PK parameters and were selected as the PK markers to map the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of GZFLC. A PK-PD model was established on the basis of GA, AMY, ALB and PA plasma concentrations vs. the values of two ratios (PGE2/PGF2α and 6-Keto-PGF1α/TXB2), by a two-compartment PK model with a simple Emax model to explain the time delay between the drug plasma concentrations of PK markers and the anti-dysmenorrhea effect.

RESULTS:

The PDM rat model has been successfully established. Compared with the normal treated group, the bioactive ingredients in PDM treated group exhibited significant changing trends of PK behaviors, such as better absorption and distribution, slower elimination and delays in reaching the maximum concentration (Tmax). The analysis of PK-PD parameters indicated that the active metabolites and prototypes of bioactive ingredients in GZFLC were inclined to regulate the activity of prostacyclin synthetase and thromboxane synthetase to control the production of TXA2 and PGI2 so as to treat PDM. As the main effective medicinal materials for the treatment of PDM in GZFLC prescription Persicae Semen, Moutan Cortex and Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Persicae Semen played the most important role, while the role of Paeonia lactiflora Pall was the weakest.

CONCLUSION:

The PK-PD model results provided scientific basis for clarifying compatibility mechanisms of GZFLC prescription and a better understanding for biosynthetic mechanisms of four prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2α, 6-Keto-PGF1α and TXB2) in the treatment of PDM by GZFLC. Investigations on the relationship between the effects and the bioactive ingredients are of benefit to explore the mechanisms of action and combination for traditional Chinese medical prescriptions (TCP) and facilitate the development of future clinical applications of TCP.

3.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)  and  

 Ovarian hyperandrogenism

>Paeoniflorin extract reverses dexamethasone-induced testosterone over-secretion through downregulation of cytochrome P450 17A1 expression in primary murine theca cells.

Ong M1, Cheng J2, Jin X2, Lao W1, Johnson M1, Tan Y1, Qu X3.

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and reproductive disorder. A main hallmark includes increased androgen production. The root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Bai Shao) is used in Chinese herbal medicine for reproductive disorders, however its effects and mechanisms on ovarian theca cells has not yet been fully elucidated.

AIM OF THE STUDY:

The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of paeoniflorin extract (PFE), the main constituents of Bai Shao, on androgen production in ovarian theca cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Primary murine theca cells were treated with concentrations of PFE (1-100 µg/mL) in the presence of dexamethasone (10 µM) with media-only treated cells used as the control. After 24 h, culture media was collected for biochemistry assays of testosterone and progesterone. Expression of key steroidogenic enzymes, cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) was characterized using immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR.

RESULTS:

Dexamethasone significantly enhanced testosterone secretion (P < 0.05 vs. the control cells). PFE reversed over-production of testosterone induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment with PFE also normalized production of progesterone in dexamethasone-treated cells. Expression of CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 in the theca cells were visualised by immunofluorescence staining. All doses of PFE significantly inhibited CYP17A1 expression detected by immunoblotting, but only 100 µg/mL of PFE downregulated CYP11A1 expression and reduced CYP11A1 significantly in dexamethasone-treated theca cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

PFE may reduce over-secretion of testosterone in theca cells through downregulation of CYP17A1 and CYP11A1. These findings provide scientific evidence to treat ovarian hyperandrogenism with the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

4.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)  and  

  Retinal degenerative diseases.

>Paeoniflorin attenuates atRAL-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells via triggering Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent activation of AMPK.

Zhu X1, Wang K2, Zhou F3, Zhu L4.

Abstract

Abnormal accumulation of the free-form all-trans-retinal (atRAL), a major intermediate of human visual cycle, is considered to be a key cause of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) dysfunction in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glucoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has been used in clinical treatment of retinal degenerative diseases in China for several years; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of PF against atRAL toxicity in human ARPE-19 cells and its molecular mechanism. The results of our study showed that the pre-treatment of PF dose-dependently attenuated atRAL-induced cell injury by the reduction of Nox1/ROS-associated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and GRP78-PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, our data showed that PF mainly exerted its activity via triggering calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK inhibition significantly reversed the protective effect of PF against atRAL toxicity in ARPE-19 cells. Overall, our findings provided the novel mechanism of PF protecting human RPE cells, which may prevent the progression of retinal degenerative diseases.

5.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)  and   

 inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis

>Paeoniflorin inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis.

Wang G1, Cheng N1.

Abstract

Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the main effective ingredients from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., was reported to possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties. However, the roles of PF in activated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells, have not yet been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects of PF on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore (PMACI)-induced human mast cells and to identify the mechanism responsible for these effects. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with PF effectively attenuated PMACI-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β in HMC-1 cells. In addition, PF significantly suppressed PMACI-induced histamine release and caspase-1 activation in HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, PF prevented the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in activated HMC-1 cells. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that PF attenuated the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response through suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

6.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)  and   

  experimental colitis

>Kuijieling regulates the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells to ameliorate experimental colitis in rats.

Long Y1, Li S2, Qin J3, Xie L4, Gan L5, Jie F6, Wu Y7, Li Y8, Du Q9.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells play crucial roles in ulcerative colitis (UC). Kuijieling (KJL) is an effective Chinese medicine formula for treating UC in clinic. Kuijieling has shown remedy effect on the imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells. This study aimed to further reveal the exact underlying mechanism of how Kuijieling regulates the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells in the treatment of UC.

METHODS:

Colitis was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats and treated by KJL. Pathological injury was evaluated by HE staining and pathological score. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and IL-21 in plasma were assayed by ELISA. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 expressed in colon mucosa were measured by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was employed for quantifying retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and STAT3 in colon. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of IL-2, IL-17, IL-23, IL-21 mRNA in colon.

RESULTS:

After the administration of KJL, pathological injury in colon mucosa was reduced and histological score was decreased, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin(IL)-2, IL-10 in blood and Foxp3, STAT5, IL-2 in colon increased significantly, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17, IL-21 in blood and RORγt, STAT3, IL-23, IL-17, IL-21 in colon decreased. Our result showed that KJL regulates the related cytokines and transcription factors to promote Treg cells and suppress Th17 cells.

CONCLUSION:

KJL restores the balance between Treg and Th17 cells through regulating the differentiation of them, therefore contributes to the treatment of UC.

7.White peony Root Extract powder(Paeonia lactiflora)  and   

  glioblastoma therapeutic

>Paeoniflorin inhibits glioblastoma growth in vivo and in vitro: a role for the Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin proteasome pathway in TLR4 degradation.

Wang Z#1, Yu G#2, Liu Z3, Zhu J4, Chen C1, Liu RE3, Xu R1.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Paeoniflorin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Radix Paeoniae Alba (Paeonia lactiflora), has exhibited anticancer activity in various human cancers, including glioblastoma. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this compound have not been fully elucidated. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and progression, and high TLR4 expression in glioblastoma specimens is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether paeoniflorin suppresses glioblastoma via inhibition of TLR4 expression.

METHODS:

CCK-8 experiments and clone formation assay were performed to detect the cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression levels. Detection of Triad3A binding with TLR4 was assessed by the immunoprecipitation. Orthotopic xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of paeoniflorin in vivo. MST was used to analyze the interaction between paeoniflorin and TLR4 protein.

RESULTS:

In our study, we found that paeoniflorin effectively inhibited glioblastoma growth and suppressed TLR4 protein levels, as well its downstream effectors both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, when overexpressed TLR4 in glioblastoma abolished the effects of paeoniflorin on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that paeoniflorin decreased TLR4 protein through ubiquitination proteasome pathway (UPP)-mediated degradation in glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, paeoniflorin promoted Triad3A to conjugate with TLR4, resulting in degradation. In addition, Triad3A-shRNA abolished paeoniflorin-enhanced UPP-mediated TLR4 degradation. Finally, we found that paeoniflorin could directly bind with TLR4 protein as assessed by MST assay.

CONCLUSION:

Our study is the first to identify a novel mechanism for the antitumor activity of paeoniflorin, specifically: it decreases tumor growth by directly targeting TLR4 and modulating the TLR4/Triad3A-dependent axis, leading to TLR4 protein degradation and inhibition of glioblastoma cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Our current findings indicate that paeoniflorin is a potential glioblastoma therapeutic agent due to its Triad3A-dependent ubiquitin degradation of TLR